Wear Rate of Metals (AISI 630)

Present work aimed at investigating the wear resistance of AISI 630 (UNS S17400) or 17-4 PH stainless steel hardened by precipitation hardening or aging at various hardness levels.

The PHs steels are an interesting family of steels for applying in highly stressed parts for its corrosion resistance and relative high hardness, attaining up to 49 HRC by low-temperature aging heat treatment, low distortion and excellent weldability.

The wear tests by sliding and/or abrasion were performed in a pin-on-disc tribometer whose pins had three different hardness levels (43, 37 and 33 HRC) obtained by varying the precipitation hardening treatment. The counterface discs were machined from the same steel composition and aged to the hardness of 43 HRC.

The steels wear resistances were evaluated, using sliding velocity of 0.6 m/s, normal load of 30 N, total sliding distance of 2400 m and controlled room temperature and humidity of 27 °C and 60%, respectively.

From the analysis of plotted graphs of cumulative lost volume versus sliding distance, it was observed the different wear rates as function of the heat treatment and hardness. Due to the pins different hardness, the wear resistance varied substantially.

The wear mechanisms were also investigated through scanning electron microscopy observations of the worn surfaces of the pins. It can be asserted that the decrease in the pin hardness yields to lower pin wear resistance.

The disc wear was more severe as the difference in hardness between pin and disc increased. It was presented a list of mean wear resistance, establishing the best heat treatment that minimize the wear in this material for sliding wear applications.

For the investigated range of heat treatment and hardness, the 17-4 PH steel pins with hardness of 43 HRC showed the best wear resistance of 1941 and the pin with 33 HRC the worst wear resistance of 1581.
Keywords

    Wear testWear resistancePH stainless steelHeat treatment

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    Corresponding author. Tel.: +55 47 4009 7958; fax: +55 47 4009 7940.

AISI 52100 Specification

ASTM A295 is specification which covers 52100 high carbon bearing quality steel to be used in the manufacture of anti-friction bearings. And 52100 bearing steel is the most common steel grade in ASTM A295 standard for high-carbon anti-friction bearing steel.

What is 52100 bearing steel?

AISI/ASTM 52100 bearing steel is a high carbon, chromium containing low alloy steel that is through hardening and noted in particular for use as bearings.astm aisi 52100 bearing steel

52100 bearing steel is one kind of special steel with features of high wear resistance and rolling fatigue strength. High-carbon chromium bearing steel, engineering steel and some types of stainless steel and heat resistant steel are used as materials of bearings and for other purposes.

Advantages of Chrome Bearing Steel 52100:

    Superior hardness, 60-67 on Rockwell hardness scale (Rc) at room temperature
    High carbon chrome alloy steel
    Operates continually at temperatures up to 120°C
    Used to produce precision ball bearings and roller bearings
    Cost-effective
    Long working life

1. Supply Range of ASTM 52100 Bearing Steel

AISI 52100 Steel Round Bar: diameter 8mm – 800mm
52100 Steel Plate: thickness 2mm –300mm x width 200mm – 800mm
Other sizes of 52100 steel as per customer’s requirements
Process: Cold drawn, hot rolled, forged etc.
Surface Finish: black, rough machined, turned, polished or as per given requirements.

2. Relevant Steel Specification of ASTM 52100 Bearing Steel
Country USA German Japan British
Standard ASTM A295 DIN 17230 JIS G4805 BS 970
Grades 52100 100Cr6/1.3505 SUJ2 535A99/EN31

3. Chemical Composition of 52100 Bearing Steel and Equivalents
Standard Grade C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Cu Mo
ASTM A295 52100 0.93-1.05 0.25-0.45 0.025 0.015 0.15-0.35 0.25 1.35-1.60 0.30 0.10
DIN 17230 100Cr6/1.3505 0.90-1.05 0.25-0.45 0.030 0.025 0.15-0.35 0.30 1.35-1.65 0.30 –
JIS G4805 SUJ2 0.95-1.10 0.50 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.35 – 1.30-1.60 – –
BS 970 535A99/EN31 0.95-1.10 0.40-0.70 – – 0.10-0.35 – 1.20-1.60 – –

4. Mechanical Properties of ASTM A295 52100 Bearing Steel
Properties Metric Imperial
Bulk modulus (typical for steel) 140 GPa 20300 ksi
Shear modulus (typical for steel) 80 GPa 11600 ksi
Elastic modulus 190-210 GPa 27557-30458 ksi
Poisson’s ratio 0.27-0.30 0.27-0.30
Hardness, Brinell – –
Hardness, Knoop (converted from Rockwell C hardness) 875 875
Hardness, Rockwell C (quenched in oil from 150°C tempered) 62 62
Hardness, Rockwell C (quenched in water from 150°C tempered) 64 64
Hardness, Rockwell C (quenched in oil) 64 64
Hardness, Rockwell C (quenched in water) 66 66
Hardness, Vickers (converted from Rockwell C hardness) 848 848
Machinability (spheroidized annealed and cold drawn. Based on 100 machinability for AISI 1212 steel) 40 40

    52100 Steel Physical Properties

Properties Metric Imperial
Density 7.81 g/cm3 0.282 lb/in³
Melting point 1424°C 2595°F

    52100 Alloy Steel Thermal Properties

Properties Metric Imperial
Thermal expansion co-efficient (@ 23-280°C/73.4- 36°F, annealed) 11.9 µm/m°C 6.61 µin/in°F
Thermal conductivity (typical steel) 46.6 W/mK 323 BTU in/hr.ft².°F

5. Forging of A295 52100 Bearing Steel

AISI 52100 alloy steel is forged at 927 to 1205°C, and should not be forged below 925ºC. A post-forge equalization treatment is recommended at 745ºC for 4-6 hours followed by air cooling for SAE/AISI 52100 steel.

6. Heat Treatment for ASTM 52100 Bearing Steel

ASTM/AISI 52100 alloy bearing steel is heated at 816°C followed by quenching in oil. Before performing this process, it is subjected to normalizing heat treatment at 872°C followed by slowly cooling in order to reduce the machining stress.

Hot Working

AISI 52100 bearing steels alloy can be hot worked at 205 to 538°C.

Cold Working

AISI 52100 bearing steel can be cold worked using conventional techniques in the annealed or normalized conditions.

Annealing

For spheroidize anneale, the following isothermal anneal is recommended:

    1500ºF (815ºC) for 3 hours
    1350ºF (735ºC) for 4 hours
    1250ºF (675ºC) for 3 hours
    Slow cool to 1000ºF (540ºC) then air cool.

Quenching

AISI 52100 alloy bearing steel could be hardened by quenching in water from 801-829 degree or quench in oil from 816-842 degree.

Tempering

Temper to desired hardness as indicated by tempering curves after water or oil quench.

7. Applications of 52100 Bearing Steel

Alloy steel 52100 grade bearing steel is mainly used for the manufacture of aircraft bearings and other highly stressed parts. This steel grade 52100 steel is preferably vacuum arc re-melted to give optimum performance.

Typical applications: Bearing Manufacture, CV joints, ball screws, gauges, knife etc.

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